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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ACSF3</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Acyl-CoA-Synthetase-Familienmitglied 3</b> (<b>ACSF3</b>) ist ein <a href="Mitochondrium" title="Mitochondrium">mitochondriales</a> <a href="Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzym</a>, das beim Menschen durch das <a href="Gen" title="Gen">Gen</a> <i>ACSF3</i> kodiert wird.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wird für den Abbau von <a href="Malons%C3%A4ure" title="Malonsäure">Malonsäure</a> und <a href="Methylmalons%C3%A4ure" title="Methylmalonsäure">Methylmalonsäure</a> benötigt und liefert den <a href="Pr%C3%A4kursor" title="Präkursor">Vorläufer</a> für die <a href="Mitochondriale_Fetts%C3%A4uresynthese" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondriale Fettsäuresynthese">mitochondriale Fettsäuresynthese</a> (mtFAS) und die mitochondriale <a href="Lysinmalonylierung" title="Lysinmalonylierung">Lysinmalonylierung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Enzym gehört zur Familie der <a href="Acyl-CoA-Synthetase" title="Acyl-CoA-Synthetase">Acyl-CoA-Synthetasen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struktur">Struktur</h2></div>
<p>Das Gen <i>ACSF3</i> befindet sich auf dem <a href="Chromosom_16_(Mensch)" title="Chromosom 16 (Mensch)">Chromosom 16</a> am <a href="Genlocus" title="Genlocus">Locus</a> q24.3.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es umfasst 14 <a href="Exon" title="Exon">Exons</a> und erzeugt vier <a href="Alternatives_Splei%C3%9Fen" title="Alternatives Spleißen">alternativ gespleißte</a> <a href="MRNA" title="MRNA">mRNAs</a>, die zwei <a href="Isoform" title="Isoform">Isoformen</a> des ACSF3-<a href="Protein" title="Protein">Proteins</a> kodieren:<sup id="cite_ref-:10_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isoform_1">Isoform 1</h3></div>
<p>Drei <a href="Alternatives_Splei%C3%9Fen" title="Alternatives Spleißen">Transkriptvarianten</a> kodieren für ein 576 <a href="Aminos%C3%A4uren" title="Aminosäuren">Aminosäuren</a> langes Protein mit einer Masse von etwa 64,1 <a href="KDa" class="mw-redirect" title="KDa">kDa</a>, das eine vorhergesagte <a href="N-Terminus" title="N-Terminus">N-terminale</a> mitochondriale Zielsequenz (MTS) besitzt, die je nach Vorhersagemethode die ersten 58 oder 83 Aminosäurereste umfasst.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experimentelle Studien bestätigten, dass das reife Protein in der <a href="Mitochondrium#Matrix" title="Mitochondrium">mitochondrialen Matrix</a> verortet ist.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Beobachtete <a href="Posttranslationale_Modifikation" title="Posttranslationale Modifikation">posttranslationale Modifikationen</a>:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Acetylierung" title="Acetylierung">Acetylierung</a> an <a href="Lysin" title="Lysin">Lysin</a>rest 565 (K565)<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isoform_2">Isoform 2</h3></div>
<p>Eine einzelne Transkriptvariante kodiert für ein kürzeres Protein mit 311 Aminosäuren, das die <a href="Translation_(Biologie)" title="Translation (Biologie)">Translation</a> an einem stromabwärts gelegenen <a href="Startcodon" title="Startcodon">Startcodon</a> relativ zu Isoform 1 beginnt.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaktion">Reaktion</h2></div>
<p>ACSF3 unterscheidet sich von <a href="Acyl-CoA-Synthetase" title="Acyl-CoA-Synthetase">Acyl-CoA-Synthetasen</a>, die <a href="Fetts%C3%A4uren" title="Fettsäuren">Fettsäuren</a> aktivieren, durch seine Präferenz für die <a href="Dicarbons%C3%A4uren" title="Dicarbonsäuren">Dicarbonsäuren</a> Malonsäure und Methylmalonsäure, die es in die <a href="Thioester" title="Thioester">Thioester</a> <a href="Malonyl-CoA" title="Malonyl-CoA">Malonyl-CoA</a> und <a href="Methylmalonyl-CoA" title="Methylmalonyl-CoA">Methylmalonyl-CoA</a> umwandelt.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Lignocerins%C3%A4ure" title="Lignocerinsäure">Lignocerinsäure</a> (C24) wurde als weiteres <a href="Substrat_(Biochemie)" title="Substrat (Biochemie)">Substrat</a> beschrieben, wobei <i><a href="In_vitro" title="In vitro">In-vitro</a></i>-Studien widersprüchliche Ergebnisse liefern.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trotz dieser ungewöhnlichen <a href="Enzymspezifit%C3%A4t" title="Enzymspezifität">Substratspezifität</a> folgt ACSF3 demselben zweistufigen, <a href="Adenosintriphosphat" title="Adenosintriphosphat">ATP</a>-abhängigen Mechanismus wie andere Acyl-CoA-Synthetasen über ein Acyl-<a href="Adenylat" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenylat">Adenylat</a>-Zwischenprodukt:<sup id="cite_ref-:16_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ol><li><a href="Adenylierung" title="Adenylierung">Adenylierungs</a>schritt: Die <a href="Carboxylatgruppe" title="Carboxylatgruppe">Carboxylatgruppe</a> des Substrats Malonsäure oder Methylmalonsäure greift das α-<a href="Phosphate" title="Phosphate">Phosphat</a> von ATP in seiner <a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg<sup>2+</sup></a>-gebundenen Form (Mg-ATP) an und bildet das hochenergetische Zwischenprodukt Malonyl-AMP bzw. Methylmalonyl-AMP sowie <a href="Diphosphate" title="Diphosphate">Diphosphat</a> (PP<sub>i</sub>). Während dieses Schritts koordiniert das Magnesium-Ion die β- und γ-Phosphate von ATP und stabilisiert deren negative Ladungen, wie es für alle Acyl-CoA-Synthetasen konserviert ist.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Thioesterifizierungsschritt: Die <a href="Thiolgruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiolgruppe">Thiolgruppe</a> von <a href="Coenzym_A" title="Coenzym A">Coenzym A</a> (CoA, in freier Form häufig als CoA-SH bezeichnet) greift Malonyl-AMP oder Methylmalonyl-AMP an, verdrängt <a href="Adenosinmonophosphat" title="Adenosinmonophosphat">AMP</a> und bildet den entsprechenden Thioester, Malonyl-CoA bzw. Methylmalonyl-CoA.</li></ol>
<p>Dementsprechend katalysiert ACSF3 die folgenden Gesamtreaktionen:
</p>
<ul><li>als <a href="Malonat-CoA-Ligase" title="Malonat-CoA-Ligase">Malonyl-CoA-Synthetase</a>:</li></ul>
<dl><dd><a href="Adenosintriphosphat" title="Adenosintriphosphat">ATP</a> + <a href="Malons%C3%A4ure" title="Malonsäure">Malonat</a> + <a href="Coenzym_A" title="Coenzym A">CoA</a> → <a href="Adenosinmonophosphat" title="Adenosinmonophosphat">AMP</a> + <a href="Diphosphate" title="Diphosphate">Diphosphat</a> + <a href="Malonyl-CoA" title="Malonyl-CoA">Malonyl-CoA</a></dd></dl>
<ul><li>als Methylmalonyl-CoA-Synthetase:</li></ul>
<dl><dd><a href="Adenosintriphosphat" title="Adenosintriphosphat">ATP</a> + Methylmalonat + <a href="Coenzym_A" title="Coenzym A">CoA</a> → <a href="Adenosinmonophosphat" title="Adenosinmonophosphat">AMP</a> + <a href="Diphosphate" title="Diphosphate">Diphosphat</a> + <a href="Methylmalonyl-CoA" title="Methylmalonyl-CoA">Methylmalonyl-CoA</a></dd></dl>
<p>ACSF3 setzt am effizientesten Malonat um, aber auch Methylmalonat wird mit etwa 70 % dieser Aktivität effektiv aktiviert.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wie andere Acyl-CoA-Synthetasen unterliegt ACSF3 einer Produkt-<a href="Feedback-Hemmung" title="Feedback-Hemmung">Feedback-Hemmung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funktion">Funktion</h2></div>
<p>Analog zu den oben beschriebenen Gesamtreaktionen beschreiben die folgenden Unterabschnitte die funktionelle Rolle von ACSF3, beginnend mit den vorgelagerten Substraten Malonsäure und Methylmalonsäure und daran anschließend mit den nachgelagerten Produkten Malonyl-CoA und Methylmalonyl-CoA.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbau_von_Malonsäure"><span id="Abbau_von_Malons.C3.A4ure"></span>Abbau von Malonsäure</h3></div>
<p>Der mitochondriale Ursprung der Malonsäure ist unbekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sie passiert <a href="Zellmembran" title="Zellmembran">Plasmamembranen</a> nur in begrenztem Umfang, wobei die Aufnahme unter sauren Bedingungen zunimmt, und gelangt über den Dicarboxylat-Carrier <a href="Mitochondrialer_Dicarboxylat-Carrier" title="Mitochondrialer Dicarboxylat-Carrier">SLC25A10</a> in die Mitochondrien.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine Hauptquelle wird in der nicht-enzymatischen <a href="Hydrolyse" title="Hydrolyse">Hydrolyse</a> von <a href="Cytosol" title="Cytosol">cytosolischem</a> Malonyl-CoA aus der <i>de-novo</i>-<a href="Fetts%C3%A4uresynthese" title="Fettsäuresynthese">Fettsäuresynthese</a> vermutet, wobei die Spiegel mit der lipogenen Aktivität korrelieren.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weitere Beiträge können von Acyl-CoA-Thioesterasen, der <a href="Carboxylierung" title="Carboxylierung">Carboxylierung</a> von <a href="Acetyl-Coenzym_A" title="Acetyl-Coenzym A">Acetyl-CoA</a>, der <a href="Decarboxylierung" title="Decarboxylierung">Decarboxylierung</a> von <a href="Oxalessigs%C3%A4ure" title="Oxalessigsäure">Oxalacetat</a>, der <a href="Oxidation" title="Oxidation">Oxidation</a> von <a href="Malondialdehyd" title="Malondialdehyd">Malondialdehyd</a> und dem <a href="%CE%92-Alanin" title="Β-Alanin">β-Alanin</a>-Stoffwechsel stammen.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Exogen" title="Exogen">Exogene</a> Beiträge können zudem aus der Ernährung resultieren, da freie Malonsäure in Pflanzen wie <a href="H%C3%BClsenfrucht" title="Hülsenfrucht">Hülsenfrüchten</a> vorkommt.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Durch die Umwandlung von Malonsäure in Malonyl-CoA spielt ACSF3 eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Entfernung von intramitochondrialem Malonsäure, einem starken <a href="Inhibitor" title="Inhibitor">Inhibitor</a> der mitochondrialen Atmung.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denn Malonsäure <a href="Kompetitive_Hemmung" title="Kompetitive Hemmung">hemmt kompetitiv</a> die <a href="Succinat-Dehydrogenase" title="Succinat-Dehydrogenase">Succinat-Dehydrogenase</a> (SDH), ein Enzym, das sowohl im <a href="Citratzyklus" title="Citratzyklus">Citratzyklus</a> als auch als Komplex II der <a href="Atmungskette" title="Atmungskette">Atmungskette</a> wirkt.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ACSF3 erfüllt hierbei eine metabolische Editing-Funktion, indem sie eine Malonsäure bedingte Toxizität verhindert und es hochgradig metabolisch aktiven Zellen ermöglicht, die Atmung aufrechtzuerhalten.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbau_von_Methylmalonsäure"><span id="Abbau_von_Methylmalons.C3.A4ure"></span>Abbau von Methylmalonsäure</h3></div>
<p>Methylmalonsäure entsteht als Nebenprodukt durch die Hydrolyse von Methylmalonyl-CoA im Propionatstoffwechselweg und wird von ACSF3 wieder zu Methylmalonyl-CoA recycelt, wodurch sie erneut in den Stoffwechselweg eingespeist wird.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nach einem <i>Acsf3</i>-<a href="Knockout-Maus" title="Knockout-Maus">Knockout-Mausmodell</a> wurde der <a href="Threonin" title="Threonin">Threonin</a>abbau als Hauptquelle für die Anhäufung von Methylmalonsäure identifiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Eine effiziente Entfernung sowohl von Methylmalonsäure als auch von Malonsäure ist erforderlich, um die mitochondriale Funktion aufrechtzuerhalten und eine <a href="Metabolische_Azidose" title="Metabolische Azidose">metabolische Azidose</a> zu verhindern.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insbesondere beeinträchtigt Methylmalonsäure die SDH-Aktivität indirekt, indem sie den mitochondrialen <a href="Succinate" title="Succinate">Succinat</a>import stört, anstatt durch direkte enzymatische Hemmung.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Maus-<a href="Osteoblast" title="Osteoblast">Osteoblasten</a>zellmodellen unterdrückte sie die <a href="Osteogenese" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteogenese">osteogene</a> Differenzierung und die Mineralisierung der <a href="Knochenmatrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Knochenmatrix">Knochenmatrix</a> durch Herunterregulierung osteogener Markergene und verknüpft so die ACSF3-vermittelte Entfernung von Methylmalonsäure mit der Knochenbildung.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthese_von_mitochondrialem_Malonyl-CoA">Synthese von mitochondrialem Malonyl-CoA</h3></div>
<p>Da <a href="Malonyl-CoA" title="Malonyl-CoA">Malonyl-CoA</a> ein membranundurchlässiges Zwischenprodukt ist, erfordert es eine lokale Synthese innerhalb der Mitochondrien.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obwohl der genaue Ursprung des mitochondrialen Malonyl-CoA noch umstritten ist, wird angenommen, dass der Pool durch ACSF3 aus Malonsäure und durch die mitochondriale Isoform der <a href="Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase" title="Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase">Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase</a> 1 (mtACC1) aus Acetyl-CoA bereitgestellt wird.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitochondriales Malonyl-CoA wird für die <a href="Mitochondriale_Fetts%C3%A4uresynthese" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondriale Fettsäuresynthese">mitochondriale Fettsäuresynthese</a>, die <a href="Lysinmalonylierung" title="Lysinmalonylierung">Lysinmalonylierung</a> und die Acetyl-CoA-Synthese benötigt.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mitochondriale_Fettsäuresynthese_(mtFAS)"><span id="Mitochondriale_Fetts.C3.A4uresynthese_.28mtFAS.29"></span>Mitochondriale Fettsäuresynthese (mtFAS)</h4></div>
<p>In der nährstoffregulierten <a href="Mitochondriale_Fetts%C3%A4uresynthese" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondriale Fettsäuresynthese">mitochondrialen Fettsäuresynthese</a> (mtFAS) dient Malonyl-CoA als Vorstufe der Kettenverlängerungseinheit Malonyl-ACP (C3), die in einer <a href="Kondensationsreaktion" title="Kondensationsreaktion">Kondensationsreaktion</a> unter Freisetzung von CO<sub>2</sub> die an ACP gebundene Fettsäurekette pro Runde um zwei Kohlenstoffatome verlängert.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die entstehenden Acyl-ACP-Spezies erfüllen je nach Kettenlänge unterschiedliche Funktionen: So wird beispielsweise <a href="Octanoyl-ACP" class="mw-redirect" title="Octanoyl-ACP">Octanoyl-ACP</a> (C8) für die Biosynthese von <a href="Lipons%C3%A4ure" title="Liponsäure">Liponsäure</a> benötigt, einem <a href="Cofaktor_(Biochemie)" title="Cofaktor (Biochemie)">Cofaktor</a> wichtiger mitochondrialer Enzymkomplexe wie dem <a href="Pyruvatdehydrogenase-Komplex" title="Pyruvatdehydrogenase-Komplex">Pyruvat-Dehydrogenase-Komplex</a> (PDC), dem <a href="%CE%91-Ketoglutarat-Dehydrogenase-Komplex" title="Α-Ketoglutarat-Dehydrogenase-Komplex">α-Ketoglutarat-Dehydrogenase-Komplex</a> (OGDC), dem <a href="2-Oxoadipat-Dehydrogenase-Komplex" title="2-Oxoadipat-Dehydrogenase-Komplex">2-Oxoadipat-Dehydrogenase-Komplex</a> (OADHC), dem verzweigtkettigen α-Ketosäure-Dehydrogenase-Komplex (BCKDHC) und dem <a href="Glycine-Cleavage-System" title="Glycine-Cleavage-System">Glycine-Cleavage-System</a> (GCS).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Längerkettige Spezies (C10–16) hingegen aktivieren <a href="Allosterischer_Modulator" title="Allosterischer Modulator">allosterisch</a> das Netzwerk der <a href="LYRM-Protein" title="LYRM-Protein">LYRM-Proteine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beim Menschen umfasst dieses Netzwerk mindestens 12 Proteine und reguliert die mitochondriale <a href="Translation_(Biologie)" title="Translation (Biologie)">Translation</a>, die Biogenese von <a href="Eisen-Schwefel-Cluster" title="Eisen-Schwefel-Cluster">Eisen-Schwefel-Clustern</a> sowie die <a href="Assemblierung" title="Assemblierung">Assemblierung</a> der <a href="Atmungskette#Funktionen_der_Komplexe_der_Atmungskette" title="Atmungskette">Komplexe</a> der <a href="Atmungskette" title="Atmungskette">Atmungskette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lysinmalonylierung">Lysinmalonylierung</h4></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→ </span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Lysinmalonylierung" title="Lysinmalonylierung">Lysinmalonylierung</a></i></div>
<p>Lysinmalonylierung ist eine dynamische <a href="Posttranslationale_Modifikation" title="Posttranslationale Modifikation">posttranslationale Modifikation</a>, bei der Malonyl-CoA als Donor der Malonylgruppen für Lysinreste dient, wodurch deren positive Ladung aufgehoben und das <a href="Sterische_Hinderung" title="Sterische Hinderung">sterische Volumen</a> vergrößert wird.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dies kann die Protein<a href="Konformation" title="Konformation">konformation</a>, -aktivität und <a href="Protein-Protein-Interaktion" title="Protein-Protein-Interaktion">Protein-Protein-Interaktionen</a> verändern und wird mit dem <a href="Energiestoffwechsel" title="Energiestoffwechsel">Energiestoffwechsel</a>, insbesondere der <a href="Glykolyse" title="Glykolyse">Glykolyse</a> und der <a href="%CE%92-Oxidation" title="Β-Oxidation">β-Oxidation</a>, in Verbindung gebracht.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ACSF3 reguliert die durch die Nahrungsaufnahme gesteuerte rhythmische Lysinmalonylierung mitochondrialer Proteine, indem es die Verfügbarkeit von Malonyl-CoA steuert, und moduliert dadurch <a href="Leber" title="Leber">hepatische</a> Stoffwechselwege wie die <a href="Glykogen" title="Glykogen">Glykogen</a>mobilisierung, die Lipidsynthese und die <a href="Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">Triglycerid</a>anreicherung.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wurde berichtet, dass das Ausmaß der Lysinmalonylierung je nach Zelltyp variiert.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Synthese_von_Acetyl-CoA">Synthese von Acetyl-CoA</h4></div>
<p>Die Umwandlung von Malonyl-CoA zu Acetyl-CoA durch Malonyl-CoA-Decarboxylase (MCD), das anschließend in den Citratzyklus eingespeist werden kann, vervollständigt den Malonsäure-Abbauweg.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gleichzeitig wird dadurch die Anreicherung von Malonyl-CoA begrenzt, das vermutlich ACSF3 über Produkt-Feedback hemmt, und damit die Malonsäureentfernung über diesen Weg aufrechterhält.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthese_von_mitochondrialem_Methylmalonyl-CoA">Synthese von mitochondrialem Methylmalonyl-CoA</h3></div>
<p><a href="Methylmalonyl-CoA" title="Methylmalonyl-CoA">Methylmalonyl-CoA</a> ist ebenfalls ein membranundurchlässiges Zwischenprodukt und muss daher lokal in den Mitochondrien synthetisiert werden.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der mitochondriale Methylmalonyl-CoA-Pool wird durch den Propionatstoffwechselweg bereitgestellt, mit zusätzlichen Beiträgen von ACSF3 durch die Aktivierung von Methylmalonsäure.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Methylmalonyl-CoA wird für die Synthese von <a href="Succinyl-CoA" title="Succinyl-CoA">Succinyl-CoA</a> und für die Lysinmethylmalonylierung benötigt.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:21_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Synthese_von_Succinyl-CoA">Synthese von Succinyl-CoA</h4></div>
<p>Die Umwandlung von Methylmalonyl-CoA zu Succinyl-CoA durch die <a href="Methylmalonyl-CoA-Mutase" title="Methylmalonyl-CoA-Mutase">Methylmalonyl-CoA-Mutase</a> unterstützt die <a href="Anaplerotische_Reaktionen" title="Anaplerotische Reaktionen">anaplerotische</a> Auffüllung von Zwischenprodukten des Citratzyklus.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Bedeutung variiert je nach Gewebetyp und Metabolitspiegel und ist besonders im <a href="Gehirn" title="Gehirn">Gehirn</a> ausgeprägt, wo die Aufrechterhaltung des <a href="%CE%91-Ketoglutars%C3%A4ure" title="Α-Ketoglutarsäure">α-Ketoglutarat</a>-Pools die Produktion von <a href="%CE%93-Aminobutters%C3%A4ure" title="Γ-Aminobuttersäure">GABA</a> und <a href="Glutamin" title="Glutamin">Glutamin</a> unterstützt.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitochondriales Succinyl-CoA ist außerdem essenziell für die <a href="Substratkettenphosphorylierung" title="Substratkettenphosphorylierung">Substratkettenphosphorylierung</a> im Citratzyklus, die <a href="H%C3%A4me_(Stoffgruppe)" title="Häme (Stoffgruppe)">Häm</a>biosynthese, die Nutzung von <a href="Ketonk%C3%B6rper" title="Ketonkörper">Ketonkörpern</a> und die <a href="Succinylierung" title="Succinylierung">Lysinsuccinylierung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lysinmethylmalonylierung">Lysinmethylmalonylierung</h4></div>
<p>Die Lysinmethylmalonylierung, eine pathogene posttranslationale Modifikation, erfordert Methylmalonyl-CoA als Donor, wobei ACSF3 zu dessen Verfügbarkeit beiträgt.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klinische_Bedeutung">Klinische Bedeutung</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kombinierte_Malon-_und_Methylmalonazidurie_(CMAMMA)"><span id="Kombinierte_Malon-_und_Methylmalonazidurie_.28CMAMMA.29"></span>Kombinierte Malon- und Methylmalonazidurie (CMAMMA)</h3></div>
<p>Pathogene Varianten im <i>ACSF3</i>-Gen verursachen die <a href="Stoffwechselerkrankung" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoffwechselerkrankung">Stoffwechselerkrankung</a> <a href="Kombinierte_Malon-_und_Methylmalonazidurie" title="Kombinierte Malon- und Methylmalonazidurie">kombinierte Malon- und Methylmalonazidurie</a> (CMAMMA).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CMAMMA ist eine Erkrankung, die durch hohe Konzentrationen von <a href="Methylmalons%C3%A4ure" title="Methylmalonsäure">Methylmalonsäure</a> und <a href="Malons%C3%A4ure" title="Malonsäure">Malonsäure</a> gekennzeichnet ist. Die Krankheit wird in der Regel entweder durch einen <a href="DNA-Analyse" title="DNA-Analyse">Gentest</a> oder biochemisch durch höhere Methylmalonsäure- als Malonsäurespiegel diagnostiziert. Durch die Berechnung des Verhältnisses von Malonsäure zu Methylmalonsäure im Blutplasma kann CMAMMA von klassischen <a href="Methylmalonazidurien" title="Methylmalonazidurien">Methylmalonazidurien</a> unterschieden werden.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Störung zeigt typischerweise Symptome in der frühen Kindheit, die zunächst mit hohen Säurewerten im Blut (<a href="Ketoazidose" title="Ketoazidose">Ketoazidose</a>) beginnen. Weitere Merkmale sind unwillkürliche Muskelverspannungen (<a href="Dystonie" title="Dystonie">Dystonie</a>), schwacher Muskeltonus (<a href="Muskelhypotonie" title="Muskelhypotonie">Muskelhypotonie</a>), Entwicklungsverzögerung, Unfähigkeit in der erwarteten Geschwindigkeit zu wachsen und an Gewicht zuzunehmen (<a href="Gedeihst%C3%B6rung" title="Gedeihstörung">Gedeihstörung</a>), Unterzuckerung (<a href="Hypoglyk%C3%A4mie" title="Hypoglykämie">Hypoglykämie</a>) und Koma. Bei einigen betroffenen Kindern kann sogar eine <a href="Mikrozephalie" title="Mikrozephalie">Mikrozephalie</a> auftreten. Andere Menschen mit CMAMMA entwickeln bis zum Erwachsenenalter keine Anzeichen und Symptome. Diese Menschen haben in der Regel neurologische Probleme wie <a href="Krampfanfall" title="Krampfanfall">Krampfanfälle</a>, Gedächtnisverlust, eine Abnahme der geistigen Leistungsfähigkeit oder psychiatrische Erkrankungen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronisch_obstruktive_Lungenerkrankung_(COPD)"><span id="Chronisch_obstruktive_Lungenerkrankung_.28COPD.29"></span>Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD)</h3></div>
<p>Eine <a href="Epigenetik" title="Epigenetik">epigenetische</a> Studie fand eine unterschiedliche <a href="DNA-Methylierung" title="DNA-Methylierung">DNA-Methylierung</a> des <i>ACSF3</i>-Gens im <a href="Fetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fetal">fetalen</a> Lungengewebe, das <a href="Fetales_Tabaksyndrom" title="Fetales Tabaksyndrom">mütterlichem Tabakkonsum</a> ausgesetzt war, was auf eine mögliche Rolle bei der Entstehung der <a href="Chronisch_obstruktive_Lungenerkrankung" title="Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung">chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung</a> (COPD) bereits während der Entwicklung hindeutet.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darüber hinaus haben integrative Analysen der DNA-Methylierung und <a href="Genexpression" title="Genexpression">Genexpression</a> in Lungengewebe <i>ACSF3</i> als einen Schlüsselfaktor bei der Regulation von COPD identifiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metabolische_Dysfunktion-assoziierte_steatotische_Lebererkrankung_(MASLD)"><span id="Metabolische_Dysfunktion-assoziierte_steatotische_Lebererkrankung_.28MASLD.29"></span>Metabolische Dysfunktion-assoziierte steatotische Lebererkrankung (MASLD)</h3></div>
<p>ACSF3 ist an der Pathophysiologie der mit <a href="NAFLD" class="mw-redirect" title="NAFLD">metabolischer Dysfunktion assoziierten steatotischen Lebererkrankung</a> (MASLD, früher NAFLD) beteiligt.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seine Expression ist bei Mausmodellen mit fettreicher Ernährung sowie bei den Erkrankungen <a href="Adipositas" title="Adipositas">Adipositas</a> und alkoholischer Lebererkrankung erhöht, wobei letztere beiden mit einer Beeinträchtigung des mitochondrialen Fettsäurestoffwechsels und einer verstärkten <a href="Lipidperoxidation" title="Lipidperoxidation">Lipidperoxidation</a> einhergehen.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="Deacetylierung" class="mw-redirect" title="Deacetylierung">Deacetylierung</a> von ACSF3 durch die mitochondriale Deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) führt zu einer verringerten Stabilität und fördert den Abbau von ACSF3, was unter Bedingungen einer fettreichen Ernährung die hepatische Lipidhomöostase verbessert und die <a href="Steatose" class="mw-redirect" title="Steatose">Steatose</a> in Mausmodellen reduziert.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die <a href="Phenole" title="Phenole">phenolische</a> Verbindung <a href="Protocatechus%C3%A4ure" title="Protocatechusäure">Protocatechusäure</a> (PCA) SIRT3 aktiviert, was die SIRT3-ACSF3-Achse als möglichen therapeutischen Ansatzpunkt für MASLD in den Blickpunkt rückt.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolutionäre_Rolle"><span id="Evolution.C3.A4re_Rolle"></span>Evolutionäre Rolle</h2></div>
<p>Die uralte humanspezifische <a href="Enhancer_(Genetik)" title="Enhancer (Genetik)">regulatorische Variante</a> rs34590044-A hochreguliert die Expression von <i>ACSF3</i> und ist mit einer erhöhten Körpergröße sowie einer gesteigerten <a href="Grundumsatz" title="Grundumsatz">Grundumsatzrate</a> (Basal Metabolic Rate, BMR) assoziiert.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anatomisch moderne Menschen weisen im Vergleich zu nichtmenschlichen <a href="Menschenaffen" title="Menschenaffen">Menschenaffen</a> eine größere Körpergröße und einen höheren, auf die Körpermasse angepassten BMR auf – ein Unterschied, der als Anpassung an fleischreiche Ernährung durch verbesserten <a href="Threonin" title="Threonin">Threonin</a>stoffwechsel und verringerte Anhäufung von Methylmalonsäure interpretiert wird.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funktionelle Studien an menschlichen Zellen und Mausmodellen zeigen, dass ACSF3 für die Aufrechterhaltung der mitochondrialen Aktivität unerlässlich ist und die <a href="Osteogenese" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteogenese">Osteogenese</a> indirekt beeinflusst, indem es die Anhäufung von Methylmalonsäure begrenzt, und verknüpft auf diese Weise den Stoffwechsel, die Körpergröße und die Ernährung des Menschen.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="MECR" title="MECR">MECR</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&list_uids=197322"><i>Entrez Gene: Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 30. Dezember 2011</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AACSF3&rft.title=Entrez+Gene%3A+Acyl-CoA+synthetase+family+member+3&rft.description=Entrez+Gene%3A+Acyl-CoA+synthetase+family+member+3&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3Dretrieve%26list_uids%3D197322"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:17-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:17_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeinab Wehbe, Sidney Behringer, Khaled Alatibi, David Watkins, David Rosenblatt, Ute Spiekerkoetter, Sara Tucci: <cite style="font-style:italic">The emerging role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid synthase (mtFASII) in the regulation of energy metabolism</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1864</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11</span>, November 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1629–1643</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.012">10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.012</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1388198119301349">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=The+emerging+role+of+the+mitochondrial+fatty-acid+synthase+%28mtFASII%29+in+the+regulation+of+energy+metabolism&rft.au=Zeinab+Wehbe%2C+Sidney+Behringer%2C+Khaled+Alatibi%2C+...&rft.date=2019-11&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.bbalip.2019.07.012&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta+%28BBA%29+-+Molecular+and+Cell+Biology+of+Lipids&rft.pages=1629-1643&rft.volume=1864" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:12-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:12_3-9">j</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Caitlyn E. Bowman, Michael J. Wolfgang: <cite style="font-style:italic">Role of the malonyl-CoA synthetase ACSF3 in mitochondrial metabolism</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Advances in Biological Regulation</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>71</span>, Januar 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>34–40</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.002">10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.002</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30201289?dopt=Abstract">PMID 30201289</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6347522/">PMC 6347522</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2212492618301295">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+malonyl-CoA+synthetase+ACSF3+in+mitochondrial+metabolism&rft.au=Caitlyn+E.+Bowman%2C+Michael+J.+Wolfgang&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Biological+Regulation&rft.date=2019-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.jbior.2018.09.002&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=34-40&rft.pmc=6347522&rft.pmid=30201289&rft.volume=71" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:9-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:9_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:9_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul A. Watkins, Dony Maiguel, Zhenzhen Jia, Jonathan Pevsner: <cite style="font-style:italic">Evidence for 26 distinct acyl-coenzyme A synthetase genes in the human genome</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Lipid Research</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>48</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, Dezember 2007, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2736–2750</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M700378-JLR200">10.1194/jlr.M700378-JLR200</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022227520429244">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+26+distinct+acyl-coenzyme+A+synthetase+genes+in+the+human+genome&rft.au=Paul+A.+Watkins%2C+Dony+Maiguel%2C+Zhenzhen+Jia%2C+...&rft.date=2007-12&rft.doi=10.1194%2Fjlr.M700378-JLR200&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Lipid+Research&rft.pages=2736-2750&rft.volume=48" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:10-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:10_5-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/197322"><i>ACSF3 acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI.</i></a> In: <i>NCBI Gene.</i> National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 26. September 2025</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AACSF3&rft.title=ACSF3+acyl-CoA+synthetase+family+member+3+%26lbrack%3BHomo+sapiens+%28human%29%26rbrack%3B+-+Gene+-+NCBI&rft.description=ACSF3+acyl-CoA+synthetase+family+member+3+%26lbrack%3BHomo+sapiens+%28human%29%26rbrack%3B+-+Gene+-+NCBI&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fgene%2F197322&rft.publisher=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:11-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:11_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:11_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/synthesis-of-fatty-acids/"><i>Synthesis of Fatty Acids.</i></a> In: <i>The Medical Biochemistry Page.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 26. September 2025</span> (amerikanisches Englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AACSF3&rft.title=Synthesis+of+Fatty+Acids&rft.description=Synthesis+of+Fatty+Acids&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fthemedicalbiochemistrypage.org%2Fsynthesis-of-fatty-acids%2F&rft.date=&rft.language=en-US"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Alfares, L. D. Nunez, K. Al-Thihli, J. Mitchell, S. Melancon, N. Anastasio, K. C. H. Ha, J. Majewski, D. S. Rosenblatt, N. Braverman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria: exome sequencing reveals mutations in the ACSF3 gene in patients with a non-classic phenotype</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Medical Genetics</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>48</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, 1. September 2011, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220022-2593%22&key=cql">0022-2593</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>602–605</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100230">10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100230</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jmg.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100230">bmj.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Combined+malonic+and+methylmalonic+aciduria%3A+exome+sequencing+reveals+mutations+in+the+ACSF3+gene+in+patients+with+a+non-classic+phenotype&rft.au=A.+Alfares%2C+L.+D.+Nunez%2C+K.+Al-Thihli%2C+...&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.doi=10.1136%2Fjmedgenet-2011-100230&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0022-2593&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Genetics&rft.pages=602-605&rft.volume=48" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:14-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:14_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:14_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">NIH Intramural Sequencing Center Group, Jennifer L Sloan, Jennifer J Johnston, Irini Manoli, Randy J Chandler, Caitlin Krause, Nuria Carrillo-Carrasco, Suma D Chandrasekaran, Justin R Sysol, Kevin O'Brien, Natalie S Hauser, Julie C Sapp, Heidi M Dorward, Marjan Huizing, Bruce A Barshop, Susan A Berry, Philip M James, Neena L Champaigne, Pascale de Lonlay, Vassilli Valayannopoulos, Michael D Geschwind, Dimitar K Gavrilov, William L Nyhan, Leslie G Biesecker, Charles P Venditti: <cite style="font-style:italic">Exome sequencing identifies ACSF3 as a cause of combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature Genetics</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>43</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, September 2011, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221061-4036%22&key=cql">1061-4036</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>883–886</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.908">10.1038/ng.908</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21841779?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21841779</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163731/">PMC 3163731</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.908">nature.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Exome+sequencing+identifies+ACSF3+as+a+cause+of+combined+malonic+and+methylmalonic+aciduria&rft.au=NIH+Intramural+Sequencing+Center+Group%2C+Jennifer+L+Sloan%2C+Jennifer+J+Johnston%2C+...&rft.date=2011-09&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fng.908&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1061-4036&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.pages=883-886&rft.pmc=3163731&rft.pmid=21841779&rft.volume=43" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:15-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:15_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:15_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ping Wang, Jianbo Shu, Chunyu Gu, Xiaoli Yu, Jie Zheng, Chunhua Zhang, Chunquan Cai: <cite style="font-style:italic">Combined Malonic and Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to ACSF3 Variants Results in Benign Clinical Course in Three Chinese Patients</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Frontiers in Pediatrics</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, 25. November 2021, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222296-2360%22&key=cql">2296-2360</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.751895">10.3389/fped.2021.751895</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34900860?dopt=Abstract">PMID 34900860</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658908/">PMC 8658908</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.751895/full">frontiersin.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Combined+Malonic+and+Methylmalonic+Aciduria+Due+to+ACSF3+Variants+Results+in+Benign+Clinical+Course+in+Three+Chinese+Patients&rft.au=Ping+Wang%2C+Jianbo+Shu%2C+Chunyu+Gu%2C+...&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft.doi=10.3389%2Ffped.2021.751895&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2296-2360&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Pediatrics&rft.pmc=8658908&rft.pmid=34900860&rft.volume=9" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-7">h</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrzej Witkowski, Jennifer Thweatt, Stuart Smith: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mammalian ACSF3 Protein Is a Malonyl-CoA Synthetase That Supplies the Chain Extender Units for Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Synthesis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Biological Chemistry</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>286</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>39</span>, September 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>33729–33736</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.291591">10.1074/jbc.M111.291591</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21846720?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21846720</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3190830/">PMC 3190830</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021925820739189">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Mammalian+ACSF3+Protein+Is+a+Malonyl-CoA+Synthetase+That+Supplies+the+Chain+Extender+Units+for+Mitochondrial+Fatty+Acid+Synthesis&rft.au=Andrzej+Witkowski%2C+Jennifer+Thweatt%2C+Stuart+Smith&rft.date=2011-09&rft.doi=10.1074%2Fjbc.M111.291591&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=39&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.pages=33729-33736&rft.pmc=3190830&rft.pmid=21846720&rft.volume=286" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:8-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_11-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_11-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_11-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_11-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:8_11-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruimin Sun, Xiaohui Kang, Yan Zhao, Zhanyu Wang, Ruiwen Wang, Rong Fu, Yang Li, Yan Hu, Zhecheng Wang, Wen Shan, Junjun Zhou, Xiaofeng Tian, Jihong Yao: <cite style="font-style:italic">Sirtuin 3‐mediated deacetylation of acyl‐ CoA synthetase family member 3 by protocatechuic acid attenuates non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">British Journal of Pharmacology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>177</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>18</span>, September 2020, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220007-1188%22&key=cql">0007-1188</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4166–4180</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15159">10.1111/bph.15159</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32520409?dopt=Abstract">PMID 32520409</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7443473/">PMC 7443473</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.15159">wiley.com</a> [abgerufen am 28. Juni 2025]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Sirtuin+3%E2%80%90mediated+deacetylation+of+acyl%E2%80%90+CoA+synthetase+family+member+3+by+protocatechuic+acid+attenuates+non%E2%80%90alcoholic+fatty+liver+disease&rft.au=Ruimin+Sun%2C+Xiaohui+Kang%2C+Yan+Zhao%2C+...&rft.date=2020-09&rft.doi=10.1111%2Fbph.15159&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0007-1188&rft.issue=18&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.pages=4166-4180&rft.pmc=7443473&rft.pmid=32520409&rft.volume=177" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:16-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:16_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:16_12-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew M. Gulick: <cite style="font-style:italic">Conformational Dynamics in the Acyl-CoA Synthetases, Adenylation Domains of Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthetases, and Firefly Luciferase</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">ACS Chemical Biology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10</span>, 16. Oktober 2009, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221554-8929%22&key=cql">1554-8929</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>811–827</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cb900156h">10.1021/cb900156h</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19610673?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19610673</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769252/">PMC 2769252</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cb900156h">acs.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Conformational+Dynamics+in+the+Acyl-CoA+Synthetases%2C+Adenylation+Domains+of+Non-ribosomal+Peptide+Synthetases%2C+and+Firefly+Luciferase&rft.au=Andrew+M.+Gulick&rft.date=2009-10-16&rft.doi=10.1021%2Fcb900156h&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1554-8929&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=ACS+Chemical+Biology&rft.pages=811-827&rft.pmc=2769252&rft.pmid=19610673&rft.volume=4" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diana Fiorentini, Concettina Cappadone, Giovanna Farruggia, Cecilia Prata: <cite style="font-style:italic">Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nutrients</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>13</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, 30. März 2021, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222072-6643%22&key=cql">2072-6643</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1136</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041136">10.3390/nu13041136</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808247?dopt=Abstract">PMID 33808247</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8065437/">PMC 8065437</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1136">mdpi.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Magnesium%3A+Biochemistry%2C+Nutrition%2C+Detection%2C+and+Social+Impact+of+Diseases+Linked+to+Its+Deficiency&rft.au=Diana+Fiorentini%2C+Concettina+Cappadone%2C+Giovanna+Farruggia%2C+...&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fnu13041136&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2072-6643&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.pages=1136&rft.pmc=8065437&rft.pmid=33808247&rft.volume=13" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiran A. Prag, Dunja Aksentijevic, Andreas Dannhorn, Abigail V. Giles, John F. Mulvey, Olga Sauchanka, Luping Du, Georgina Bates, Johannes Reinhold, Duvaraka Kula-Alwar, Zhelong Xu, Luc Pellerin, Richard J. A. Goodwin, Michael P. Murphy, Thomas Krieg: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ischemia-Selective Cardioprotection by Malonate for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Circulation Research</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>131</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>, 2. September 2022, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220009-7330%22&key=cql">0009-7330</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>528–541</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.320717">10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.320717</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.320717">ahajournals.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Ischemia-Selective+Cardioprotection+by+Malonate+for+Ischemia%2FReperfusion+Injury&rft.au=Hiran+A.+Prag%2C+Dunja+Aksentijevic%2C+Andreas+Dannhorn%2C+...&rft.date=2022-09-02&rft.doi=10.1161%2FCIRCRESAHA.121.320717&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0009-7330&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Circulation+Research&rft.pages=528-541&rft.volume=131" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:13-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:13_15-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:13_15-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:13_15-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Caitlyn E. Bowman, Susana Rodriguez, Ebru S. Selen Alpergin, Michelle G. Acoba, Liang Zhao, Thomas Hartung, Steven M. Claypool, Paul A. Watkins, Michael J. Wolfgang: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Mammalian Malonyl-CoA Synthetase ACSF3 Is Required for Mitochondrial Protein Malonylation and Metabolic Efficiency</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cell Chemical Biology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>24</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>, Juni 2017, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>673–684.e4</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.04.009">10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.04.009</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28479296?dopt=Abstract">PMID 28479296</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5482780/">PMC 5482780</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=The+Mammalian+Malonyl-CoA+Synthetase+ACSF3+Is+Required+for+Mitochondrial+Protein+Malonylation+and+Metabolic+Efficiency&rft.au=Caitlyn+E.+Bowman%2C+Susana+Rodriguez%2C+Ebru+S.+Selen+Alpergin%2C+...&rft.date=2017-06&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.chembiol.2017.04.009&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Cell+Chemical+Biology&rft.pages=673-684.e4&rft.pmc=5482780&rft.pmid=28479296&rft.volume=24" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:18-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:18_16-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:18_16-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Joanne Tejero, Felicia Lazure, Ana P. Gomes: <cite style="font-style:italic">Methylmalonic acid in aging and disease</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>35</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, März 2024, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>188–200</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2023.11.001">10.1016/j.tem.2023.11.001</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38030482?dopt=Abstract">PMID 38030482</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10939937/">PMC 10939937</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1043276023002400">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Methylmalonic+acid+in+aging+and+disease&rft.au=Joanne+Tejero%2C+Felicia+Lazure%2C+Ana+P.+Gomes&rft.date=2024-03&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.tem.2023.11.001&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Endocrinology+%26+Metabolism&rft.pages=188-200&rft.pmc=10939937&rft.pmid=38030482&rft.volume=35" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manoli I, Sloan JL, Venditti CP. Isolated Methylmalonic Acidemia. 2005 Aug 16 [Updated 2022 Sep 8]. In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2025. Figure 1. [Major pathway of the conversion...]. Available from: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1231/figure/mma.F1/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1231/figure/mma.F1/</a> <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301409?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20301409</a>. NBK1231</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yufeng Zhang, Jie Wang, Chuanyou Yi, Yue Su, Zi Yin, Shuxian Zhang, Li Jin, Mark Stoneking, Jian Yang, Ke Wang, He Huang, Jin Li, Shaohua Fan: <cite style="font-style:italic">An ancient regulatory variant of ACSF3 influences the coevolution of increased human height and basal metabolic rate via metabolic homeostasis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cell Genomics</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>, Juni 2025, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>100855</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2025.100855">10.1016/j.xgen.2025.100855</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666979X25001119">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=An+ancient+regulatory+variant+of+ACSF3+influences+the+coevolution+of+increased+human+height+and+basal+metabolic+rate+via+metabolic+homeostasis&rft.au=Yufeng+Zhang%2C+Jie+Wang%2C+Chuanyou+Yi%2C+...&rft.date=2025-06&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.xgen.2025.100855&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Cell+Genomics&rft.pages=100855&rft.volume=5" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. R. Mirandola, D. R. Melo, P. F. Schuck, G. C. Ferreira, M. Wajner, R. F. Castilho: <cite style="font-style:italic">Methylmalonate inhibits succinate‐supported oxygen consumption by interfering with mitochondrial succinate uptake</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>31</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Februar 2008, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220141-8955%22&key=cql">0141-8955</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>44–54</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-007-0798-1">10.1007/s10545-007-0798-1</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10545-007-0798-1">wiley.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Methylmalonate+inhibits+succinate%E2%80%90supported+oxygen+consumption+by+interfering+with+mitochondrial+succinate+uptake&rft.au=S.+R.+Mirandola%2C+D.+R.+Melo%2C+P.+F.+Schuck%2C+...&rft.date=2008-02&rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10545-007-0798-1&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0141-8955&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Inherited+Metabolic+Disease&rft.pages=44-54&rft.volume=31" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:19-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:19_20-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:19_20-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Sara M. Nowinski, Jonathan G. Van Vranken, Katja K. Dove, Jared Rutter: <cite style="font-style:italic">Impact of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Synthesis on Mitochondrial Biogenesis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Current Biology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>28</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>20</span>, Oktober 2018, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>R1212–R1219</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.022">10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.022</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352195?dopt=Abstract">PMID 30352195</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6258005/">PMC 6258005</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982218310674">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Mitochondrial+Fatty+Acid+Synthesis+on+Mitochondrial+Biogenesis&rft.au=Sara+M.+Nowinski%2C+Jonathan+G.+Van+Vranken%2C+Katja+K.+Dove%2C+...&rft.date=2018-10&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.cub.2018.08.022&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=20&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.pages=R1212-R1219&rft.pmc=6258005&rft.pmid=30352195&rft.volume=28" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoffray Monteuuis, Fumi Suomi, Juha M. Kerätär, Ali J. Masud, Alexander J. Kastaniotis: <cite style="font-style:italic">A conserved mammalian mitochondrial isoform of acetyl-CoA carboxylase ACC1 provides the malonyl-CoA essential for mitochondrial biogenesis in tandem with ACSF3</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biochemical Journal</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>474</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>22</span>, 15. November 2017, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220264-6021%22&key=cql">0264-6021</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3783–3797</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20170416">10.1042/BCJ20170416</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article/474/22/3783/49536/A-conserved-mammalian-mitochondrial-isoform-of">portlandpress.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=A+conserved+mammalian+mitochondrial+isoform+of+acetyl-CoA+carboxylase+ACC1+provides+the+malonyl-CoA+essential+for+mitochondrial+biogenesis+in+tandem+with+ACSF3&rft.au=Geoffray+Monteuuis%2C+Fumi+Suomi%2C+Juha+M.+Ker%C3%A4t%C3%A4r%2C+...&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft.doi=10.1042%2FBCJ20170416&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0264-6021&rft.issue=22&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.pages=3783-3797&rft.volume=474" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sara M Nowinski, Ashley Solmonson, Scott F Rusin, J Alan Maschek, Claire L Bensard, Sarah Fogarty, Mi-Young Jeong, Sandra Lettlova, Jordan A Berg, Jeffrey T Morgan, Yeyun Ouyang, Bradley C Naylor, Joao A Paulo, Katsuhiko Funai, James E Cox, Steven P Gygi, Dennis R Winge, Ralph J DeBerardinis, Jared Rutter: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis coordinates oxidative metabolism in mammalian mitochondria</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">eLife</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, 17. August 2020, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222050-084X%22&key=cql">2050-084X</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58041">10.7554/eLife.58041</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/58041">elifesciences.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+fatty+acid+synthesis+coordinates+oxidative+metabolism+in+mammalian+mitochondria&rft.au=Sara+M+Nowinski%2C+Ashley+Solmonson%2C+Scott+F+Rusin%2C+...&rft.date=2020-08-17&rft.doi=10.7554%2FeLife.58041&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2050-084X&rft.jtitle=eLife&rft.volume=9" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:3-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeinab Wehbe, Sidney Behringer, Khaled Alatibi, David Watkins, David Rosenblatt, Ute Spiekerkoetter, Sara Tucci: <cite style="font-style:italic">The emerging role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid synthase (mtFASII) in the regulation of energy metabolism</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1864</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11</span>, November 2019, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221388-1981%22&key=cql">1388-1981</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1629–1643</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.012">10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.012</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=The+emerging+role+of+the+mitochondrial+fatty-acid+synthase+%28mtFASII%29+in+the+regulation+of+energy+metabolism&rft.au=Zeinab+Wehbe%2C+Sidney+Behringer%2C+Khaled+Alatibi%2C+...&rft.date=2019-11&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.bbalip.2019.07.012&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1388-1981&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta+%28BBA%29+-+Molecular+and+Cell+Biology+of+Lipids&rft.pages=1629-1643&rft.volume=1864" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jia Xin Tang, Kyle Thompson, Robert W. Taylor, Monika Oláhová: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>21</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11</span>, 28. Mai 2020, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221422-0067%22&key=cql">1422-0067</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3820</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113820">10.3390/ijms21113820</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32481479?dopt=Abstract">PMID 32481479</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7312649/">PMC 7312649</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/3820">mdpi.com</a> [abgerufen am 28. Juni 2025]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+OXPHOS+Biogenesis%3A+Co-Regulation+of+Protein+Synthesis%2C+Import%2C+and+Assembly+Pathways&rft.au=Jia+Xin+Tang%2C+Kyle+Thompson%2C+Robert+W.+Taylor%2C+...&rft.date=2020-05-28&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fijms21113820&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1422-0067&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Molecular+Sciences&rft.pages=3820&rft.pmc=7312649&rft.pmid=32481479&rft.volume=21" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:5-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_25-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:5_25-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan G. Van Vranken, Sara M. Nowinski, Katie J. Clowers, Mi-Young Jeong, Yeyun Ouyang, Jordan A. Berg, Jeremy P. Gygi, Steven P. Gygi, Dennis R. Winge, Jared Rutter: <cite style="font-style:italic">ACP Acylation Is an Acetyl-CoA-Dependent Modification Required for Electron Transport Chain Assembly</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Molecular Cell</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>71</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, August 2018, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>567–580.e4</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.039">10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.039</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30118679?dopt=Abstract">PMID 30118679</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6104058/">PMC 6104058</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1097276518305148">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=ACP+Acylation+Is+an+Acetyl-CoA-Dependent+Modification+Required+for+Electron+Transport+Chain+Assembly&rft.au=Jonathan+G.+Van+Vranken%2C+Sara+M.+Nowinski%2C+Katie+J.+Clowers%2C+...&rft.date=2018-08&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2018.06.039&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&rft.pages=567-580.e4&rft.pmc=6104058&rft.pmid=30118679&rft.volume=71" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ali J. Masud, Alexander J. Kastaniotis, M. Tanvir Rahman, Kaija J. Autio, J. Kalervo Hiltunen: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP) at the interface of metabolic state sensing and mitochondrial function</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1866</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, Dezember 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>118540</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118540">10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118540</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016748891930151X">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+acyl+carrier+protein+%28ACP%29+at+the+interface+of+metabolic+state+sensing+and+mitochondrial+function&rft.au=Ali+J.+Masud%2C+Alexander+J.+Kastaniotis%2C+M.+Tanvir+Rahman%2C+...&rft.date=2019-12&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.bbamcr.2019.118540&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta+%28BBA%29+-+Molecular+Cell+Research&rft.pages=118540&rft.volume=1866" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew D. Hirschey, Yingming Zhao: <cite style="font-style:italic">Metabolic Regulation by Lysine Malonylation, Succinylation, and Glutarylation</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Molecular & Cellular Proteomics</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>14</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, September 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2308–2315</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.R114.046664">10.1074/mcp.R114.046664</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1535947620326402">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Metabolic+Regulation+by+Lysine+Malonylation%2C+Succinylation%2C+and+Glutarylation&rft.au=Matthew+D.+Hirschey%2C+Yingming+Zhao&rft.date=2015-09&rft.doi=10.1074%2Fmcp.R114.046664&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Molecular+%26+Cellular+Proteomics&rft.pages=2308-2315&rft.volume=14" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lu Zou, Yanyan Yang, Zhibin Wang, Xiuxiu Fu, Xiangqin He, Jiayi Song, Tianxiang Li, Huibo Ma, Tao Yu: <cite style="font-style:italic">Lysine Malonylation and Its Links to Metabolism and Diseases</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Aging and disease</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>14</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 2023, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222152-5250%22&key=cql">2152-5250</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>84</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.0711">10.14336/AD.2022.0711</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/10.14336/AD.2022.0711">aginganddisease.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Lysine+Malonylation+and+Its+Links+to+Metabolism+and+Diseases&rft.au=Lu+Zou%2C+Yanyan+Yang%2C+Zhibin+Wang%2C+...&rft.date=2023&rft.doi=10.14336%2FAD.2022.0711&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2152-5250&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Aging+and+disease&rft.pages=84&rft.volume=14" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:6-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_29-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:6_29-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Enora Le Questel, Charlène Besnard, Florian Atger, Yolène Foucher, Alwéna Tollec, Victoria Pakulska, Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira, Chloé Clotteau, Mathilde Gourdel, Ivan Nemazanyy, Mikael Croyal, Yohann Coute, David Jacobi, Bertrand Cariou, Daniel Mauvoisin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.607283v1"><i>Diurnal regulation of Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSF3) underlies daily mitochondrial lysine-malonylation and hepatic metabolism.</i></a> 6. September 2024,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 27. April 2025</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AACSF3&rft.title=Diurnal+regulation+of+Acyl-CoA+synthetase+3+%28ACSF3%29+underlies+daily+mitochondrial+lysine-malonylation+and+hepatic+metabolism&rft.description=Diurnal+regulation+of+Acyl-CoA+synthetase+3+%28ACSF3%29+underlies+daily+mitochondrial+lysine-malonylation+and+hepatic+metabolism&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.1101%2F2024.09.03.607283v1&rft.creator=Enora+Le+Questel%2C+Charl%C3%A8ne+Besnard%2C+Florian+Atger%2C+Yol%C3%A8ne+Foucher%2C+Alw%C3%A9na+Tollec%2C+Victoria+Pakulska%2C+Ars%C3%AAnio+Rodrigues+Oliveira%2C+Chlo%C3%A9+Clotteau%2C+Mathilde+Gourdel%2C+Ivan+Nemazanyy%2C+Mikael+Croyal%2C+Yohann+Coute%2C+David+Jacobi%2C+Bertrand+Cariou%2C+Daniel+Mauvoisin&rft.date=2024-09-06&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James A. Hamilton: <cite style="font-style:italic">New insights into the roles of proteins and lipids in membrane transport of fatty acids</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>77</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5-6</span>, November 2007, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>355–361</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.020">10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.020</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0952327807001482">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+the+roles+of+proteins+and+lipids+in+membrane+transport+of+fatty+acids&rft.au=James+A.+Hamilton&rft.date=2007-11&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.plefa.2007.10.020&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5-6&rft.jtitle=Prostaglandins%2C+Leukotrienes+and+Essential+Fatty+Acids&rft.pages=355-361&rft.volume=77" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:20-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:20_31-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:20_31-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:20_31-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Parith Wongkittichote, Nicholas Ah Mew, Kimberly A. Chapman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Propionyl-CoA carboxylase – A review</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Molecular Genetics and Metabolism</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>122</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, Dezember 2017, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>145–152</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.10.002">10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.10.002</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29033250?dopt=Abstract">PMID 29033250</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5725275/">PMC 5725275</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1096719217305322">elsevier.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Propionyl-CoA+carboxylase+-+A+review&rft.au=Parith+Wongkittichote%2C+Nicholas+Ah+Mew%2C+Kimberly+A.+Chapman&rft.date=2017-12&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.ymgme.2017.10.002&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Metabolism&rft.pages=145-152&rft.pmc=5725275&rft.pmid=29033250&rft.volume=122" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:21-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:21_32-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:21_32-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">PamelaSara E. Head, Sangho Myung, Yong Chen, Jessica L. Schneller, Cindy Wang, Nicholas Duncan, Pauline Hoffman, David Chang, Abigael Gebremariam, Marjan Gucek, Irini Manoli, Charles P. Venditti: <cite style="font-style:italic">Aberrant methylmalonylation underlies methylmalonic acidemia and is attenuated by an engineered sirtuin</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Science Translational Medicine</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>14</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>646</span>, 25. Mai 2022, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221946-6234%22&key=cql">1946-6234</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abn4772">10.1126/scitranslmed.abn4772</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35613279?dopt=Abstract">PMID 35613279</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468269/">PMC 10468269</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abn4772">science.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Aberrant+methylmalonylation+underlies+methylmalonic+acidemia+and+is+attenuated+by+an+engineered+sirtuin&rft.au=PamelaSara+E.+Head%2C+Sangho+Myung%2C+Yong+Chen%2C+...&rft.date=2022-05-25&rft.doi=10.1126%2Fscitranslmed.abn4772&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1946-6234&rft.issue=646&rft.jtitle=Science+Translational+Medicine&rft.pmc=10468269&rft.pmid=35613279&rft.volume=14" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Makayla S. Lancaster, Brett H. Graham: <cite style="font-style:italic">Succinyl-CoA Synthetase Dysfunction as a Mechanism of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy: More than Just an Oxidative Energy Deficit</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>24</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>13</span>, 27. Juni 2023, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221422-0067%22&key=cql">1422-0067</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10725</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310725">10.3390/ijms241310725</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37445899?dopt=Abstract">PMID 37445899</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10342173/">PMC 10342173</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/10725">mdpi.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Succinyl-CoA+Synthetase+Dysfunction+as+a+Mechanism+of+Mitochondrial+Encephalomyopathy%3A+More+than+Just+an+Oxidative+Energy+Deficit&rft.au=Makayla+S.+Lancaster%2C+Brett+H.+Graham&rft.date=2023-06-27&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fijms241310725&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1422-0067&rft.issue=13&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Molecular+Sciences&rft.pages=10725&rft.pmc=10342173&rft.pmid=37445899&rft.volume=24" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monique G. M. de Sain-van der Velden, Maria van der Ham, Judith J. Jans, Gepke Visser, Hubertus C. M. T. Prinsen, Nanda M. Verhoeven-Duif, Koen L. I. van Gassen, Peter M. van Hasselt: <cite style="font-style:italic">A New Approach for Fast Metabolic Diagnostics in CMAMMA</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">JIMD Reports, Volume 30</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>30</span>. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-53680-3, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>15–22</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/8904_2016_531">10.1007/8904_2016_531</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26915364?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26915364</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5110436/">PMC 5110436</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/8904_2016_531">springer.com</a> [abgerufen am 24. Februar 2024]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=A+New+Approach+for+Fast+Metabolic+Diagnostics+in+CMAMMA&rft.au=Monique+G.+M.+de+Sain-van+der+Velden%2C+Maria+van+der+Ham%2C+Judith+J.+Jans%2C+...&rft.btitle=JIMD+Reports%2C+Volume+30&rft.date=2016&rft.doi=10.1007%2F8904_2016_531&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783662536803&rft.pages=15-22&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.pmc=5110436&rft.pmid=26915364&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.volume=30" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:7-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_35-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:7_35-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonas Eriksson Ström, Simon Kebede Merid, Robert Linder, Jamshid Pourazar, Anne Lindberg, Erik Melén, Annelie F. Behndig: <cite style="font-style:italic">Airway MMP-12 and DNA methylation in COPD: an integrative approach</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Respiratory Research</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>26</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 10. Januar 2025, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221465-993X%22&key=cql">1465-993X</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-03088-3">10.1186/s12931-024-03088-3</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39794761?dopt=Abstract">PMID 39794761</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724436/">PMC 11724436</a> (freier Volltext) – (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-024-03088-3">biomedcentral.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Airway+MMP-12+and+DNA+methylation+in+COPD%3A+an+integrative+approach&rft.au=Jonas+Eriksson+Str%C3%B6m%2C+Simon+Kebede+Merid%2C+Robert+Linder%2C+...&rft.date=2025-01-10&rft.doi=10.1186%2Fs12931-024-03088-3&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=1465-993X&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Respiratory+Research&rft.pmc=11724436&rft.pmid=39794761&rft.volume=26" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shengyu Zhang, Congcong Shen, Han Di, Yanhong Wang, Feng Guan: <cite style="font-style:italic">Regulatory Mechanisms of Phenolic Acids in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Review</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Antioxidants</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>14</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, 20. Juni 2025, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222076-3921%22&key=cql">2076-3921</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>760</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14070760">10.3390/antiox14070760</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/7/760">mdpi.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:ACSF3&rft.atitle=Regulatory+Mechanisms+of+Phenolic+Acids+in+Metabolic+Dysfunction-Associated+Steatotic+Liver+Disease%3A+A+Review&rft.au=Shengyu+Zhang%2C+Congcong+Shen%2C+Han+Di%2C+...&rft.date=2025-06-20&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fantiox14070760&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2076-3921&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Antioxidants&rft.pages=760&rft.volume=14" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literaturhinweise">Literaturhinweise</h2></div>
<ul><li>P. A. Watkins, D. Maiguel, Z. Jia, J. Pevsner: <i>Evidence for 26 distinct acyl-coenzyme A synthetase genes in the human genome.</i> In: <i>Journal of Lipid Research.</i> Band 48, Nr. 12, Dezember 2007, S. 2736–2750. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M700378-JLR200" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1194/jlr.M700378-JLR200">doi:10.1194/jlr.M700378-JLR200</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762044?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17762044</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>Human <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&lastVirtModeType=default&lastVirtModeExtraState=&virtModeType=default&virtMode=0&nonVirtPosition=&position=chr16%3A89093852%2D89156233&hgsid=1953613802_bVWEfoChzaOYlT51XSoTkSm03SZ9">ACSF3</a></i> genome location and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=ACSF3">ACSF3</a></i> gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.</li></ul>
<p><i>Dieser Artikel enthält einen Text aus der <a href="United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a>, der <a href="Gemeinfreiheit" title="Gemeinfreiheit">gemeinfrei</a> ist.</i>
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